Chin China s History - 1152 Words

China China’s history dates back to four thousand plus years. In that time, China has created a culture rich in philosophy and the arts. China has made amazing technological advances such as silk, paper, gunpowder, and many other products. Chinese records reach over five thousand years back. It is difficult to cover even the most important events of this old society in a short space, yet here are some highlights. The first dynasty to rule China was the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE), followed by the Xia dynasty (2200-1700 BCE), established by Emperor Yu, and after that the Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 BCE). Historical records are hard to find for these times in the world in which China had these dynasties. In 221 BCE, Qin Shi Huangdi took the throne, destroying neighboring city-states, and binding China together as its own. He established the Qin Dynasty, which kept going until 206 BCE. Today, he is best-known for his complex tomb in Xian (in the past Chang an), which houses the fantastic armed force of the terracotta warriors. Qin Shi Huang s awkward term was toppled by the armed force of normal man Liu Bang in 207 BCE. Liu then established the Han Dynasty, which kept going until 220 BCE. In the Han period, China extended west all the way to India, opening an exchange of goods along what might later turn into the Silk Road. At the point when the Han Empire broke down in 220 CE, China was tossed into a time of political worry and confusion. For the following four centuries, manyShow MoreRelatedExperiencing Urbanization Via Life Story Method1734 Words   |  7 PagesExperiencing Urbanization via Life-Story Method Urbanization of lands in China have had a prominent effect on the lives of its people, including the inhabitants of both the peripheral and central cities throughout the country. In Eating Bitterness: Stories from the Front Lines of China s Great Urban Migration, Michelle Loyalka writes about the changes that a developing China brings onto the people of Gan Jia Zhai, a village that is relatively close to Xi’an, a much more developed and industrializedRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The Cold War1038 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as the Soviet Union and China, developed into a military and political conflict such as the Cold War. During the Cold War, which went on for 50 years, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to expand their economical and political influence. Although, the United States military has increased in size and it’s strategy. The United States power today is highly supreme when it comes to competing with other countries in the world. The United States is the world s largest producer of nuclearRead MoreAdvantages of Industrial Revolution Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthe history of the Earth would merely be an insult to its nam e. My goal is to eradicate this common misconception of the Industrial Revolution being â€Å"dark† times. I want to convince the audience that the advantages undoubtedly outnumber the very few disadvantages to come along it. Hopefully, by the end of this paper, you will have a far different perspective than Chin 2 before. Historical Context The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain during the 1700’s. By the early 1800’s, theRead MoreThe Only Real Day By Frank Chin989 Words   |  4 Pagesall around the world. In English 162 course, we’ve learned a lot about history and culture of the bay area. From the gold rush the outsiders came, to the diversity of the Fillmore, we can see that even people far from the other side of the earth came here for a better life. As for myself, I came from a Chinese culture country, which is surely different from the culture here in America. Besides â€Å"The Only Real Day† by Frank Chin really interests me of how the Chinese’s attitude toward this distinctRead MorePolitical Influence Of The Gang Of Four Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesIn October 1st 1949, after 8 years war of resistance against Japan, The people s Republic of China was founded by the lead of Chairman Mao, which we call the â€Å"New China†. After 1949, China has been throug h many political movements. The most famous movements among others were the ideological transformation movement; great proletarian cultural revolution; The smash of the gang of four and the reform and opening-up policy, etc. All the articles or books I have read explains those movements from aRead More The Great Wall of China Essay2903 Words   |  12 PagesThe Great Wall of China To the northwest and north of Beijing, a huge, serrated wall zigzags its way to the east and west along the undulating mountains. This is the Great Wall, which is said to be visible from the moon. This massive wall has not only been one of the Ancient Seven Wonders of the World, but it has also been inspiration for many artists, and writers. The building of the Great Wall is one of the biggest tragedies, but through this tragedy arose triumph with the wall, being soRead MoreChinas Terra-Cotta Army1151 Words   |  5 PagesIn March of 1974, while drilling a well, a work brigade of farmers discovered a subterranean chamber nearby the royal tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi, the first Emperor of China (Encyclopedia Britannica). The superstitious old women of the village believed that the digging would disturb the Earth God. Therefore, due to these spiritual beliefs, they did not report the discovery right away. Eventually, archeologists came to Xi’an in droves to study and extend the d igs. This led to the uncovering of threeRead MoreThe History of Art951 Words   |  4 PagesJapanese art where the artist is either copying, or is heavily influenced by, Chinese art. At such times it can be said that Japanese art is a strong reflection of Chinese art, (p. 3). At other times, though, small differences between the arts of China and Japan are magnified to such an extent that they become fully developed and original styles, (Lee, 1962, p. 3). With regards to modern art, Japan is far more the influencer of Chinese art than vice-versa, as Fogel (2012) points out. ThereforeRead MoreThe Struggle Over Kashmir, By Mohandas Gandhi1096 Words   |  5 Pagesanother. The hostility between these two has been rooted not only in religion and history, but is exemplified by the long-running battle over the control of Jammu and Kashmir. Which has recently intensified into a treacherous nuclear arms race. How the conflict arose? In order to completely understand the struggle over Kashmir, it is important to understand the history of this longtime conflict. During the early 1900 s the citizens of India worked hard to gain their freedom from Great Britain. TheRead MoreGenghis Khan And The Mongol Empire1140 Words   |  5 PagesFounded and ruled by Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire, became known as the largest contiguous empire in history because it s land stretched throughout Southeast Asia and to Eastern Europe. Established in the 13th century in 1206 CE, the empire grew rapidly connecting most of Eurasia establishing trade routes and passing ideologies through 14 million square miles. Genghis Khan was instrumental to the formation of the empire bringing the rest of the world under â€Å"one sward†. It was Khan’s genius mind

The Tension Of Racial Separation - 1483 Words

The tension of racial separation is a driving factor in Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal†. In the early 1940’s the Deep South decided to create â€Å"Jim Crow† laws in which were intended to prevent blacks from voting. For the entirety of the narrators life he has being living acceptingly and conforming to these laws. The narrator states â€Å"On my graduation day I delivered an oration in which I showed that humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. (Not that I believed this – how could I, remembering my grandfather? – I only believed that it worked)† (228). This quote defines an era in which blacks were more afraid of disruption then of the corruption surrounding them. After his graduation day speech he was invited to a†¦show more content†¦He believed that by beating the narrator he would relieve himself of the pain the white have pushed upon him. We can see this when the narrator asked why are you fighting me and he responds, â€Å"For me, sonofabitch† (231). Rather than dispensing his anger upon his oppressor the brute of his attack was at his own community. This is exactly what the white men wanted. After the fight was over and Tatlock won the boys were thrown into a group and called over to collect their earnings for the night. To deepen the wedge separating them they throw the money on a rug. Unknowingly the boys scram in a frenzy to collect all the pay they can obtain, only to learn that they rug is electrocuted. Once again they were put at war with each other and struggled to obtain what they all truly wanted. The naked woman is heavily symbolic of the lack of worth the black community holds during this time period. She is the apple in the Garden of Eden, the forbidden fruit of America, the item blacks see every day but will never be allowed to obtain. She is a dream, an everlasting but never obtainable goal. Just the sight of this never obtainable g oal frightens the strongest and bravest of the boys in the room, many want to run away. All are horrified of what the whites will do if they see them staring at the woman. I believe that this woman is a symbolism of the blacks frightening away at the sight of anShow MoreRelatedSegregation It s Not Just A White And Black Issue Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagess Not Just a White and Black Issue Racial tension in the United States is a growing concern. A big challenge is raising awareness about racial segregation effects on the wider community. In order to ease the pressure and begin repairing race relations the paranoid style of American policing and the segregation of American citizens should be addressed as a primary cause. 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I entirely agree with the above statement due to the unequal treatment of the aborigines, tension between the Japanese population and characters such as Hart showing lack of trust over his lover MitsyRead MoreEssay on Radical Changes During the Roaring Twenties1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roaring Twenties was a period of intense tension towards the numerous barriers of tradition. Unlike the gradual fluctuations in modern day society which lead tension in its wake, the 1920’s was a bombardment of radical change ranging from societal norms to economic consumption. The end of World War I led to the end of idealism, and evolving values began to escalate towards the 1920’s. The surge of immigrants allowed for greater and greater economic booms, including the use of credit and involvement

Doing Business in Peru free essay sample

Cultural Aspects of Doing Business in Peru Chuck Hamilton Saint Leo University Table of Contents Abstract3 Peru Facts4 Peru Business Statistics4 Appropriate Business Attire5 Meetings and Greetings5 Language and Conversations6 Religion6 Dining Etiquette and Facts7 Role of the Family8 Gift Giving8 Hand Gestures9 Resources10 Abstract This paper will explore and discuss the business environment in Peru. The cultural aspects will be examined and facts and statistics about Peru will be given. Cultural aspects to be discussed will be how meetings are conducted, how to greet and address potential business partners, the appropriate business attire, language and how it relates to business, religion, role of the family, and gift giving, and dining etiquette. Peru is a great country to start and run a business. The purpose of this paper is to research doing business in Peru and to realize the culture differences, and once this culture differences are realized, be able to apply the knowledge learned to run a successful business in Peru. Peru Facts Peru is a country located in South America. The capital of Peru is Lima. Peru is the third largest country in South America. The US dollar is widely accepted in most areas of Peru; however, the official currency of Peru is the Nuevo sol. According to the Central Intelligence Agency, the estimated population of Peru in July of 2011 will be 29,248,943 people (The World Fact Book: Peru, 2011). The official language of Peru is Spanish. Peru is divided into three regions that consist of the coastal region, the mountainous region, and the jungle region. Peru has geography just as diverse as its population. Peruvians are known for their friendliness and hospitality and go out of their way to make foreigners feel welcome (Doing Business in Peru | Peruvian Social and Business Culture). In Latin America, Peru is the number one producer of gold, silver, zinc, and tin. In 2008, Peru’s GDP grew by 9. 7% in the first quarter and 11% in the second quarter when compared to the previous year’s corresponding quarters (UHY International Ltd, 2009). According to the U. S. Commercial Service website, the Peruvian economy continues to out-perform other regional economies and many economies around the world (U. S. Commercial Service, 2011). Peru Business Statistics Peru is considered to be a great country to conduct business. According to the Doing Business website, Peru is ranked fairly high in several key categories important to doing business there. In ranking 183 economies around the world, Peru ranks 36 in ease of doing business. In regards to starting a business, Peru ranks 54th out of 183. In regards to getting credit, Peru ranks 15th out of 183. Peru ranks 53rd out of 183 in regards to trading across borders (The World Bank, 2011). Appropriate Business Attire When conducting business meetings, business attire is extremely important. For men, it is standard to wear a well-tailored business suit. Any other type of casual business attire is not considered appropriate. For women, the appropriate business attire is considered to be a suit or dress. Tuxedos for men and evening gowns are required for invitations to official parties (Business Etiquette Peru: Merca Trade). Meetings and Greetings Peruvians look at the time in a very relaxed and flexible manner. This is called â€Å"la hora peruana†, which is translated to Peruvian time. This means that many times business meetings might be delayed. The visitor in no circumstance should be late, so always arrive on time. Appointments should be made two weeks in advance and confirmed one week in advance. The work week in Peru is typically six days a week, Monday through Saturday. Business hours are usually 8:00 am until 6:00 pm. Peruvians take longer lunches and many offices are closed from 1:00 pm until 3:00 pm. With that being said, business meetings during lunch are common and appropriate. Important to note is that many Peruvians take holidays during the months of January until March, so no meetings should be scheduled during these months. Unannounced business calls should never be made as Peruvians do not expect this nor are they appreciated. The Peruvian business organizations tend to be hierarchical and therefore when meetings are scheduled, they should be done so with top level managers. When greeting people, the introductions are informal and the person you are greeting should be addressed using Senor or Senora and their last name. (Doing Business in Peru | Peruvian Social and Business Culture). It is also expected that the person be greeted in regards to their profession. For example, if the person being greeted is an engineer, he would be greeted using Senor Ingeniero and the last name. First names are not to be used until the visitor is invited to do so. If business cards are to be given, the business card should be in Spanish and an English translation on the back of card. Language and Conversations Spanish is the official language of Peru. In the business setting, Spanish should be used as much of the business in Peru is conducted in Spanish. It is advised that to do business in Peru, the visitor should learn Spanish to be able to communicate. If this is not an option, an interpreter should be brought along to aid with the communication. There are topics during conversations that should be avoided and some that are recommended. When having conversations, topics to avoid are those about politics, the Peruvian government, and the ancestry of the person, especially if he/she is of Indian descent. Topics that are favorable are Peruvian culture, the history of Peru, cuisine and restaurants, and of course the national drink that is called a pisco sour (Ore. Luis, 2009). It is also important to note that you should not be surprised if the person you are speaking with is invading your personal space. It is the Peruvian culture to be in close physical proximity when communicating with one another. Religion Religion plays an important role in the lives of Peruvians. The Catholic religion is the most prevalent as more than ninety percent of Peruvians actively participate in the Catholic religion. Catholic traditions are at the base of many festivals and holidays. It is important to know how important religion is to the Peruvians and how this might affect business relationships. Dining Etiquette and Facts When dining, it is proper to keep your hands on the table or above at all times. It is considered bad manners to place hands in your lap (Rushton, 2011). As previously stated, lunch is the time that most business meetings take place. Lunch is also the largest meal of the day. Dinner is basically a social event and tends to be very late in the evening. It is not uncommon to have dinner as late as ten or eleven o’clock in the evening. When eating, it is customary to pass food with the right hand. For the most part, business is not discussed during dinner. If the visitor will be sending invitations to dinner, it is suggested that the time to meet be set at 9:00 pm. This is a common time for dinner invitations; however, dinner will most likely be served around 10:30 pm. In a formal function, the host will always be seated at the head of the table. If there is a hostess, she will be seated opposite the host. The most senior female guest will be seated to the immediate right of the host. Likewise, the most senior male guest will be seated to the immediate left of the hostess (Business Etiquette Peru: Merca Trade). It is common to be offered an alcoholic drink during a business lunch or dinner. If a toast is made, it is customary to propose one in return. This can be done by simply raising your glass and saying â€Å"Salud! . Also important to note is that the knife always stays in the right hand and the fork in the left hand. These utensils are never switched. In the Peruvian culture, it is also customary to eat everything served to you on your plate. Role of the Family Peruvians place a high emphasis on families. So much emphasis is put on families that they put families first before the needs of the business. This also relates to relationships. Peruvians will take time to get to know who they are dealing with before making any deals. Trust and familiarity are what business relationships are based on. To be successful in the business world of Peru, it is a good idea to develop friendships. The fact that Peruvians place such emphasis of families and relationships, it is not uncommon for them to inquire about your own family or personal life during the beginning of the relationship. Although some things might be considered private to you, it is simply that Peruvians combine their personal and professional lives together. Gift Giving There are many things to know about gift giving in Peru. There are many items that should never be given. If you receive an invitation to a home in Peru, it is recommended that you bring a gift with you. The host’s wife might appreciate chocolates from your country or if there are children, they might like some toys typical of what kids play with in our own country. Knives should never be given as a gift. This symbolizes the severing of a friendship. Also, it is not good to give any gift that comes in odd numbers. Odd numbers are considered bad luck. Suggestions of gifts that are good to give are wine, name brand or a quality set of pens, desk accessories, or something that is relevant to your home region. For example, some type or native folk art or book would be advisable (Business Etiquette Peru: Merca Trade). Gifts that should be avoided are thirteen of anything, purple or black objects as they may have some connotations of religious ceremonies, handkerchiefs which represent mourning, or any type of letter opener. Just like a knife, the letter opener represents the severing of a friendship. Hand Gestures Hand gestures should be thought about before using in any country. In Peru, this rule is no different. Hand gestures have different meanings in different countries and some could lead to trouble if the person making them does not understand what they mean. In the United States, to use the index finger to ask someone to come closer is common practice. In Peru this is considered rude. It is better to turn your palm downwards while moving all your fingers in a motion towards yourself. Again in the United States, when a person gives an ok sign by making a circle with the pointer finger and thumb and the other fingers up in the air, this has no bad meaning at all. However, in Peru, when a person makes this sign, they are saying that they are gay or that the person they are talking to is gay. To give the ok sign in Peru, a person would make the same circle with the pointer finger and thumb, but, the other fingers would be pointing down. In conclusion, Peru is a great place to start a business. Having identified many cultural facts will be a great asset in starting and running a successful business. Resources The World Fact Book: Peru. (2011). Retrieved June 2011, from Central Intelligence Agency Web site: https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe. html Business Etiquette Peru: Merca Trade. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 2011, from Merca Trade Web site: http://www. mercatrade. com/help/business-etiquette-peru Doing Business in Peru | Peruvian Social and Business Culture. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 2011, from Communicaid Web site: http://www. communicaid. com/access/pdf/library/culture/doing-business-in/Doing%20Business%20in%20Peru. pdf Ore. Luis. (2009, July 3). Your Guide to Peru. Retrieved June 2011, from Executive Planet Web site: http://www. executiveplanet. com/index. php? title=Peru Rushton, C. (2011). Business Etiquette in Peru. Retrieved June 2011, from E-how Web site: http://www. ehow. com/about_5279932_business-etiquette-peru. html The World Bank. (2011). Doing Business 2011 Peru. Retrieved June 2011, from Doing Business website: http://www. doingbusiness. org/~/media/FPDKM/Doing%20Business/Documents/Profiles/Country/DB11/PER. pdf U. S. Commercial Service. (2011). Doing Business in Peru. Retrieved June 2011, from Buy USA website: http://www. buyusa. gov/peru/en/boing_business_in_peru. html